OBJECTIVE: To investigate the results of myringoplasty operations performed in our clinic.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between August 1994 and April 1997, 24 myringoplasty operations were performed in our clinic. The patients were evaluated for graft take rate and audiologic improvement in the postoperative period.
RESULTS: Graft take rate after myringoplasty was 84%. An audiologic improvement more than 10 dB was seen in 71% of the patients with successful graft take.

PURPOSE: in this study, we invastigated serum levels of phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) and aldolase (ALD) in cancer patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 100 cancer patients with histopathologic diagnosis and 50 healthy control subjects. The patients' ages ranged from 12 to 79 years with an average of 50 years. Of 100 patients 51 were males and 49 were females. The control groups' ages ranged from 16 to 70 years with an average of 42.6 years and %46 years and %46 were males and %54 were females. Analysis of PHI and ALD levels were made by using commercially available kits. Result were evaluated using levene's test. Cancer types included lung cancer (27%), breast cancer (25%), gastrointestinal cancers (15%), geni­tourinary system cancers (9%), nasopharynx-larynx cancers (6%), sarcoma (6%), lymphoma (3%) and the others (9%).
RESULTS: PHI and ALD values obtained in the control group ranged between 10-59 U/L and 1.2-6.8 U/L, respectively. in the patients, these values were found between 18- 492 U/L and 1.4-61.3 U/L, respectively.
CONCLUSION: PHI and ALD, which are among serum glycolytic enzymes, show considerable sensitivity aýýd specificity in some specific cancer types, including lung and breast cancers. They can he regarded as useful indicators in the follow-up of patients with metastasis and/or lymphadenopathy.

OBJECTIVE: This study is planned to investigate the relation between pruritus and plasma histamine levels in cases with end stage renal failure who is treated with hemodialysis.
STUDY DESIGN: 14 patients who have treated with hemodialysis (6 females and 8 males; aged between 20-68 years) were included to our study. As for the control group 14 healthy people selected (6 females, 8 males aged between 24-65 years).
Patients who have treated with hemodialysis were separated 2 groups who have pruritus(Group A) and who haven't (Group B). The levels of plasma histamine determined with the method of RIA.
RESULTS: There was no statistically significant changes found between Group A and Group B. Also no significant changes was found between patients who have treated with hemodialysis and control group.
CONCLUSION: These results may show us there is no relation between pruritus and plasma histamin levels at patients who have treated with hemodialysis.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy on survival in locally advanced nasopharynx cancers.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study included 42 patients who applied to the Radiation Oncology Clinics of Şişli Etfal Hospital between 1991 and 1997. All the patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Survival rates of 40 patients were retrospectively assessed.
RESULTS: Thirty patients were males (70.1%) and 12 were females (29.9%). Average age was 51 years (range, 12- 66 years). Twenty-nine patients (69%) had indifferentiated carcinoma and 13 patients (31%) had squamous cell carcinoma.
CONCLUSION: Follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 66 months, with mean and median follow-up periods being 29 and 40 months, respectively. Two and three year survival rates were higher in patients with indifferentiared carcinoma.

OBJECTNE: Argue that the etiological factors by obtaining anal canal manometric measures in fýssuras & hemorrhoids.
STUDY DESIGN: Anal canal manometric measures are realized in 20 patients with hemorrhoids, 20 patients with fissuras and 20 out of total 60 patients in ŞEH 1. General Surgery Clinic between years 1996 and 1997.
RESULTS: While resting manometric measures in patients with fýssuras are highest, in both patients with fýssuras and hemorroids were higher than in control patients. Maximal resting pressure in control group was 68.18±3.09 cm H20, Hemorhoid group 87.1 ±1.30 cm H20 (p<0.01), fissur group was 101.7±8.23 cm H2 0 (p<0.01 ), but no significant changes was found between maximal squzee pressure.

CONCLUSION: Being high of resting manometric measures support the role of internal spinchter in etiology.

OBJECTIVE: We searched the ratio of fetal malnutrition and the percentage of fetal malnutrition in AGA and SGA newborns using CANSCORE among the babies borned in Şişli Etfal Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics between 15 May and 15 July 1996.
STUDY DESIGN: in 3 months period, the gestational ages of 1082 live born babies were determined and 902 newborns having the optimal conditions were estimated by estimated by CANSCORE.
RESULTS: By evaluating 902 newborns using CANSCORE total score was found below 24 in 152 newborns (%16.9) and accepted FM. Among 836 AGA newborns, 100 new borns (%11.96) have CANSCORE below 24 and accepted FM while 736 of them (88.04) were not FM. Among 66 SGA newborns, 52 newborns have (%78.7) CANSCORE below 24 accepted FM while the remaining 14 (%21.2) were not FM.
CONCLUSION: In our study, nutritional of status of new­ borns was evaluated by using simple clinical scoring method, CANSCORE. in the appropriate study group of 902 newborns, 152 were determined FM. According to Denver Intrauerin development curves, in 11.96% of ACA new- borns FM was detected, while the 21.21% of SGA newborns were not FM.

OBJECTIVE: In this prospective study, the postoperative analgesic need after Caesarean Sections performed either under general or spinal anesthesia were compared.
STUDY DESIGN: The patients receiving general anesthesia were given thiopental 5-7 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, meperidine 1 mglkg and a mixture of 02 and N2O (50% each). The group of patients spinal anesthesia were administered 2% Prilocaine, 5 cc each, by the L2-3 route with 22 gauge spinal needles. The amount and frequency of postoperative analgesic need was recorded separately in the two groups and the were with unpaired t-test. p<0.05 was accepted as meaningful.
RESULTS: When the age, weight, gestational week and operation time parameters were compared the two groups, there was no significant difference (p>0.05). in both groups total amount of analgesic needed was the same and in study it was J.5gm Dipyrone given ým. However, the mean time until the first analgesic dose needed, was longer for the spinal anesthesia group (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: The administration of anesthesia either generally or by the spinal route, did not influence ehe amount of analgesic drug needed after Caesarean Sections.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of adenoidectomy in relieving chronic sinonasal symptoms in children.
STUDY DESIGN: Fourty patients, who had chronic sinonasal symptoms and underwent adenoidectomy in our clinic between September 1996 and December 1997 were studied. Patients ages ranged from 3 to 12, with a median age of 6.2 years. Before and after operation, sinonasal symptoms taken from their family were identified and compared.
RESULTS: The most frequently reported symptoms before surgery were rhinorrhea (92%), nasal congestion (77%), mouth breathing (70%), and postnasal drainage (62%). These proportions decreased following adenoidectomy to 22%, 25%, 15% and 10% respectively. Complete resolution was reported in 60% of patients. No improvement was reported in 12% of patients.
CONCLUSION: in the majority of cases, adenoidectomy effectively treats chronic sinonasal symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the surgical indications and the role of the radiotherapy in metastatic brain tumors.
STUDY DESIGN: Hundred and twenty-three patients underwent surgical treatment due to a intracerebral tumor in Şişli Etfal Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery during last two years. Twenty of them who had metastatic brain tumor were discussed in this study. Fifteen (75%) were male and five (25%) were female. The median age at the time of the initial diagnosis of brain metastasis was 49.75. Fifteen patients were presented with only one intracranial metastasis, two with two, two with three and one with more than three.
RESULTS: Seven patients with lung metastases, three with gastrointestinal, two with breast, two with kidney, two with prostate ýwo with malignant melanoma, mýe with urinary tract and one with uterus (This rare case had ýýterine lelomyosarcoma metastasis) had the primary site of their tumor. lýý eleven patients the systemic caný.: er was estcýblis­ hed after diagnosing the intracerebral metastasis. Preoperative radiotherapy was applied to none of the patients. All patients were treated with surgery. The aim ol the surgical treatment was to remove the life threatening lesion or lesion that deteriorates the patients neurological status. The presence of a tumor in the posterior fossa was a certain in­dication. Median survival time after the operation was 7.5 months. Postoperative radiotherapy was performed to 10 of 20 patients.
CONCLUSİON: The life-threatening lesions, lesions which deteriorate the patients neurological status, and all lesions which are easy to remove should he operated. There is no significant dfference between the median survival time of the patients treated with and without postoperative radioterapy in this study.

PURPOSE: We reviewed age, histopathologic classification, adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and mean follow-up periods in 70 patients with rectum cancer who underwent abdomino-perinenal resection (Mile's operation).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 70 patients with rectum cancer were admitted to our clinics between 1988 and 1995, all of whom underwent Mile's operation. All patients received chemo radiotherapy during the postoperative period. The cases were retrospectively reviewed.
RESULTS: There were 35 males and 35 females, with mean age being 55 years (range 17-83 years). Tumors included adenocarcinoma (n=50; 71.4%), mucinous adenorcarcinoma (n=13; 18.5%), papillary adenocarcinoma (n=1; 1.4%), signet-ring celi carcinoma (n=1; 1.4%), malignant melanoma (n=3; 4.2%), non-karatinized epidermoid carcinoma (n=I; 1.4%), and indifferentiated malignant tumor (n=1; 1.4%).
CONCLVSION: Forty patients were followed-up for six months or more. Mean follow-up period was 23.1 months (range 6-60 months). in patients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy follow-up period was found to he longer (26.1 months).