OBJECTIVE: in this study the relationship between the endometrial thickness measured by transvaginal ultrasonography and histopathological diagnosis in cases with postmenopausal bleeding is observed.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-seven of the 50 cases who applied to our clinic: with postmenopausal bleeding have been included in our study. Vaginal ultrasonography was done and endometrial was measured fractional curretage all the cases. After ultrasonography, fractional curretage was done. Histopathological diagnosis has been considered as the main criteria during the evaluation.
RESULTS: According to histopathological diagnosis atrophic endometrium is in 23 (48.93 %) cases, proliferative endometrium in 7(14.89 %) cases, endometrial hyperplasia in 6 (12.77 %) cases, endometrial polyp in 4 (8.25 %) cases and secretory endometrium in 2 (4.25 %) cases. Endometrial thickness measured by vaginal ultrasonography, varied between 0.2 cm and 2.7 cm.
CONCLUSION: Although we have insufficient number of cases we can conclude that transvaginal ultrasonography 
gives enough information about endometrial pathology in patients with postmenopausal bleeding before diagnostic curretage.

OBJECTIVE: Undulation of hair and colors of skin, eye and hair make different combinations in every person. This reflects to society as a general feature. Because there are very few reviews about these parameters in Turkish people, we designed this study.
STUDY DESIGN: 500 persons from two sexes, above the age of l 5 were included.
CONCLUSION: Our results show 74% ol the population had brown and black hair, 40% had dark skin, 90.8% had brown eye color, 60% had straight hair and 37% had undulated hair.

OBJECTIVE: ln this study we have perfromed clinical and electroencephalographic investigations on children who had febrile convulsions after the age of five years cmd determined the possibilitiy of epilepsy development.
STUDY DESIGN: Children who had been followed by the Neurology Clinic of Hospital and who had at least febrile afier the age of five years were included in the study. in all patients the following were gathered from the parents: date of birth, psycho-motor development, past-history and family history, onset, frequency and duration of febrile convulsions, type of seizure and fever before febriler convulsion. The patients were examined twice a year and had at least one electroencephalographic (EEG) investigation.
RESULTS: Of the 16 patients 13 were male and 3 were female. In 5 patients the first febrile convulsion was observed after the age of five years and in the rest between 6 moths and 4 years. The follow-up period was between 2 to 5 years. In three patients the repeated EEG investigations were normal, whereas in others there were milf generalized disorganization, generalized spike-wave paroxysms and focal sharp-wave activity.
CONCLUSION: It was concluded that children with febrile convulsions after 5 years of age should be followed carefully for the possibility of developing idiopathic generalized epilepsy particulary if they have abnormal EEG findings.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the results of temporal muscle used in reconstruction of facial paralysis.
STUDY DESIGN: 18 patients with facial paralysis have heen operated in our clinic during 8 years. Dynamic reconstruction methods were used 12 patients, where as 6 patients had static reconstruction methods. Static method was a comhination of oral commissure with tensor fascia lata and face lifting. Dynamic method was primarily muscle transfer for both oral and ocular sphincter control. in two patients 1/2 anterior of the masseter muscle was transferred as well. Rehahilitaion programs were started on the tenth postoperative day. The minimum and maximum follow up periods were six months and four years respectively.
RESULTS: Patient population was constituted hy young and adult patients with different etiologies such as trauma, congenital anomalies and injection. Cosmetic and functional results were superior in dynamic method group compared to method group.
CONCLUSIONS: The patients who underwent temporal muscle transfer obtained symmetry at rest, adequaty controlled balance at the time of voluntary movement, and acceptable oral and ocular sphineter control.

OBJECTIVE: in this study we aimed to show the effect of Estradiol Volerate-Siproterone Acetate and Tibolon use in patients who are at menopausa and who have been admitted to the hospital with symptoms resulted from hypoestrogenemia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: in this study we have included 66 patients. To 36 of patients we have administered 2 mg estradiol-17 valerate for 2 days and 2 mg Estradiol-17 Valerate 1 mg Siproteron Acetate for the following 36 days. We stopped the drug treatment for 7 days and continued the same the next 3 months. To the second group consisted of 30 patients; we have given 2.5 mgldaily Tibolon (oral) continously. We measured the blood levels of SGOT, SGPT. ALP-Urea, and creatinin before and after treatment. We scored the climacteric complaints befor and after treatment. We evaluated the ejfects of both drugs on the relief of symptoms and compared each group with each other. RESULTS: We have observed that both effective forthe relief of symptoms such as flushing, paresthesia, vertigo.fatigue, and nervousness in a short period of time. (p<0.01) We have found that Estradiol Valerate-Siproterone Acetate is effective (p<0.05) and Tibolon is less effective for the symptoms like insomnia, depression, arthralgia, myalgia, headache, palpitations, pollakuria, and dry skin. In short term drug treatment there wasn’t any meaningful difference between the two groups on improvement (p>0.05).
CONCLUSION: Symptoms that are seen in menapause can he relieved (controlled) by hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Estradiol Valerate and Siproterone Acetate and Tibolon is effective in this respect.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of ultrasonographic findings and maternal serum Beta-HCG levels in assessing prognosis in first trimester pregnancies presenting with bleeding.
STUDY DESING: 42 asymptomatic patients and 35 patients diagnosed as abortus imminens, between 5-12 weeks of pregnancy, were observed until 12 weeks of pregnancy. Ultrasonography was performed and serum Beta-HCG levels were determined by RIA.
RESULTS: 13 pregnancies in the abortus imminens group
and 1 in the asymptomatic group resulted with spontaneous abortion. The gestational sac diameter in the abortus imminens group was smaller than in the asymptomatic group, this was statistically significant (p<0.01). When the graphic plot between sac diameter -values and serum Beta-HCG values was evaluated, the abortus rate was found to be 57 % in the abortus imminens cases which were not within the control group range.
CONCLVSION: Prognosis in immineris cases can be determined by gestational sac diameter -serum Beta- HCG values plotted against a standard graphic.