Son 20 yýlda yenidoðan ünitelerindeki teknolojik ilerlemeler ve bilgi birikimi sayesinde düþük doðum aðýrlýklý bebeklerin yaþama oranlarý giderek artmaktadýr. Bu bebeklerin yaþam oranlarýnýn artmasýnda uygun þekilde uygulanan invazif giriþimlerin rolü büyüktür. Özellikle 1500 g’ýn altýndaki bebekleri yaþatma çabasý içerisinde entübasyon, göbek arter ve ven kateteri takýlmasý gibi bir çok invazif giriþimler uygulanmaktadýr. Diðer yandan hasta bebeklerin bakýmýnda da invazif giriþimlerin uygulanmasý kaçýnýlmazdýr. Uygun þekilde yapýlan invazif giriþimler hayat kurtarýcý olurken, bazý giriþimler sayesinde bebeðin uzun süreli aðrýlý uyaranlara maruz kalmasý da azaltýlýr, böylece bebeðin bakým konforu artýrýlýr. Ancak invazif giriþimleri yapacak olan kiþinin konu ile ilgili yeterli bilgiye, beceriye ve deneyime sahip olmasý gerekmektedir. Ýnvazif giriþimler esnasýnda katý steril þartlarýn saðlanmasý, bebeðin uygun monitorizasyonu ve temel saðlýk bakýmýnýn (ýsý, nem ve sývý desteði gibi) verilmesi gerektiði bilinmelidir. Bu amaçla günümüzde yenidoðan döneminde sýk uygulanan invazif giriþimler; yapýlma nedenleri, yapýlmamasý gereken durumlar, iþlem esnasýnda gerekli malzemeler, iþlemde dikkat edilmesi gereken durumlar, teknik, bakým ve sýk görülen komplikasyonlar açýsýndan deðerlendirildi.

Objective: We investigated the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients diagnosed with mumps meningoencephalitis
in the clinic of Pediatric Infectious Diseases at Þiþli Etfal Training and Research Hospital.
Methods and Material: 121 patients diagnosed with mumps meningoencephalitis at our hospital have been evaluated retrospectively
between Jan 2004-Dec 2007.
Results: The number of patients hospitalized was 11 in 2004, 12 in 2005 versus 48 in 2006 and 50 in 2007. In June 2006, national immunization had started with inclusion Measles-MumpsRubella (MMR) vaccine to the National Immunization Schedule. This year’s data based on immunization records of diagnosed patients revealed the fact that, while patients till 2007 were nonimmunized, 38% of diagnosed patients was immunized twice, 32% of diagnosed patients was immunized once and that 22% of patients was nonimmunized. The complaints in order of frequency were fever in 100%, vomiting in 90%, headache in 57.8% and abdominal pain in 9.9% of
patients. 70% of patients have had stiffness, 44.6% positive Kerning-Brudzinsky and 5.7% convulsion.
Conclusion: The immunization should be realized all over the country. The incidence of meningoencephalitis which is the most important complication of mumps, should be of consideration even among children immunized with mumps.

Purpose: To evaluate the epidemiologic features of the children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus followed up in Child Health and Diseases Clinic of Bakýrköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital.
Material and methods: We investigated epidemiologic features of 51 patients (30 girls and 21 boys) between 2 - 14 years of age followed up in our clinic between 2002 and 2006. The distribution of gender, diagnose age, and application seasons of the patients were examined. According to their complaints, they were divided into three groups such as nausea-vomitingheadache- abdominal pain- fainting, polyuria- polydypsiapolyphagia- weight loss and those who don’t have any complaints. According to biochemical and physical findings, they were divided into four groups: hyperglycemia-glucosuria, ketonuria- ketonemia, diabetic ketoacidosis and coma. The
family history and levels of HbA1c were evaluated.
Data: The age of diagnosis reached the peak level between 4 and 6 (n=16, %31.37). Admissions to hospital were mostly during spring season (n=15, %29.4). It was determined that the most frequent complaints were nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache and fainting (n=25, %49). 10 patients did not have any complaints. Their diagnosis was made by routine investigation (%19.6). According to biochemical and physical examination, hyperglycemia- glucosuria were the most frequent findings (n=21, %41.2). Diabetes mellitus was detected in the
first grade relatives of 6 patients (%11.76). HbA1c levels of 27 patients were above the reference interval (%52.9).
Conclusion: It was seen that the ages during the diagnosis of our cases made peak between 4 and 6 years. It may be thought that this result is related to the increased frequency of viral infections and consumption of nonorganic foods in this age group. It was seen that ten patients had no complaints during the diagnose time. Therefore diabetes mellitus must be considered while examining the tests that are taken for other purposes.

Objective: It was to evaluate the impact of androgenetic alopecia on the quality of life of Turkish women using hairdex which is a specific questionnaire for hair diseases and whether the questionnaire was accepted or not.
Study Design: A total of 100 female patients with androgenetic alopecia were included in this study. Patients’ age, education level, the duration of hair loss and the severity of alopecia were noted. The patients were asked to fill in “hairdex” which contains 48 questions and a “Patient Assessment Form”.
Results: Emotional scores were significantly higher than the others. Age had a negative correlation with hairdex (r=-0.20 p<0.05) and symptom scores (r=-0.23 p<0.05). There were no statistically difference between the questionnare scores and the duration of alopecia and the severity of alopecia. There was a statistically weak negative corelation between the duration of alopecia and the stigmatisation scores (r=-0.20 p<0.05). Hairdex and emotion scores were in the retired group statistically lower (p<0.05). Patient assessment form median score
was 4.76. Ninety eight percent of patients thought that the test was worth the time.
Conclusions: Androgenetic alopecia has a negative impact on quality of life of women. Hairdex was accepted by the patients. However, the test should be adapted to Turkish society by validation studies.

Hairy cell leukemia is a rare chronic lymphoproliferative disease which goes with splenomegaly. Splenomegaly was determined in the 67 years old male patient have been treated for hairy cell leukemia for four years. Splenectomy was performed for preventing complications of splenomegaly. CD3, CD20, TRAP were determined as positive with the immunohistochemical studies which was suitable for hairy cell leukemia. For the patients with giant size of spleen due to hairy cell leukemia, splenectomy is an effective theraphy method, to prevent the
complications and for favourable response to chemoterapy.

Sweat gland carcinomas are rare tumors. Apocrine sweat gland carcinomas are also very rare. Treatment of these carsinomas are not well known. The case was 47 years old, post-menapause female. Modified radical mastectomy was performed and applied to our clinic for
oncologic treatment. The pathologic identification was malign apocrine sweat gland carcinoma of breast. According to pathological report lesion was 4x3x2 cm, 2/32 positive lymadenopathy was detected at axilla, ER and PR (-), c-erb B2 (+++), HG II, NG II and tumour markers were normal levels. After surgery six cycles chemotherapy (50 mgr methotraxate, 1 gr 5fleurouracyl and 1 gr endoxan totally) was applied. Totally
50Gy at 25 fraction radiotherapy applied to thorax wall, to the medial and lateral two fields. The patient is under control without disease for three years