Objective: Fas (Apo-1, CD95) and its ligand Fas-Ligand (FasL) are important molecular markers for the regulation of the apoptosis (programmed cell death). In this retrospective study, expression of Fas and FasL and their relationship with the clinical, histopathologic parameters and prognosis, in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) which consists 96% of laryngeal cancers, was investigated.
Materials and method: Immunohistochemical staining for the CD95 (FAS) (Ab-4 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody, Lab Vision Corp. Neomarkers, Fremont CA, USA. 60 minutes) and FasL (Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody, Lab Vision Corp. Neomarkers, Fremont CA, USA. 60 minutes) was applied on the slides obtained from paraffin blocks of the 53 laryngeal SCC.
Results: We found significantly positive relationship (p<0.01) between the Fas expression and histologic differentiation and between Fas and FasL (p<0.05) at the tumor cells.
Conclusion: In this study, Fas and FasL are found to be in correlation with histologic grade.

Purpose: The reticulocyte count is the exact method in the evaulation of therapeutic response of megaloblastic anemia to the vitamin B-12 treatment. In cases of vitamin B-12 deficiency presented with a combination of anemia/thrombocytopenia or pancytopenia, we aimed to study the therapeutic response of thrombocytes (which have shorter life span than reticulocytes) in relation to reticulocytes.
Material and methods: From 102 patients of megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B-12 deficiency, who where followed up between January 2005 and August 2009 in our medical department, forty-six patients (who had no blood transfusion) with a combination of anemia/thrombocytopenia or pancytopenia were selected for this study. Pre and post (6th day) of vitamin B-12 treatment, corrected reticulocyte and platelet levels were compared using independent t-test, the paired t-test, and Pearson correlation test (NCSS 2007 software program).
Results: At 6th day of vitamin B-12 treatment (in compare to day 0), there was a significant increase in both platelet counts and corrected reticulocyte rates (63,98±30,28x 103 /mm3 versus 162,63±85,35x 103 /mm3, and 0.57±0.42% versus 4,61±2,66%, p=0,0001, and 0,001, respectively). Also there was a positive correlation between the changes in the corrected reticulocyte rate and the changes in platelet counts (r=0,480, and P=0,001).
Conclusions: Increase in platelet counts can be used (if fascilities for reticulocyte count is not available) as an indicator of early bone marrow response to vitamin B-12 replacement therapy in vitamin B-12 deficiency cases presented with a combination of anemia/thrombocytopenia or pancytopenia. If there is no such post-treatment increase in platelet counts, myelodysplastic syndrome should be excluded by bone marrow aspiration and/or biopsy.

Aim: to evaluate clinical and labaratory findings between ABO and Rh incompatability and to compare the results of groups in terms of severe hyperbilirubinemia.
Methods: Term neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia due to ABO and Rh blood group incompatibilities who were hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between 2008 and 2010 were included and evaluated retrospectively. Among the two groups, Serum total bilirubin levels, hematocrit levels, direct coombs test results, existance of severe hyperbilirubinemia levels, phototherapy duration, IVIG usage and rates of exchange transfusion were compared.
Results: During the period, 1610 newborns were admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit for two years. Of the patients, 420 (%26) were diagnosed as indirect hyperbilirubinemia. ABO and Rh incompatability were found in 123 (%29,2) and 27 (%6,4), respectively. There was similar to demographic characteristics. Severe hyperbilirubinemia was seen more often in ABO incompatibility group (p=0,04). Serum total bilirubin levels at 2nd (p=0,01) and 3rd days (p=0,001) were found to be higher in ABO incompatibility group. IVIG was used more often in Rh incompatibility group(p=0,009). Five patients; 4 of them with ABO group incompatibility and 1 with Rh group incompatibility had undergone exchange transfusion. None of the patients were diagnosed of hearing loss.
Conclusion: ABO incompatibility is an important cause of indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Close follow-up of patient with ABO incompatability in antenatal and postnatal period could decrease morbidity due to ABO incompatability.

Aim: Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) currently is preferential method of splenectomy in many centers. Because LS has many advantages, it is common. Thus we present our experience of LS. We compared with literature in terms of operative time, operative bleeding, conversion rate, requirement of analgesic, hospital stay, postoperative complication rate, operative cost.
Material ve method: Our study include patients undergone LS between June and September in 2006. Results: LS was performed in 25 children (8 girls and 17 boys) with mean age 8.9 years (age 1-6). Indications of LS were kronik ITP (10), herediter sferositoz (6), beta talesemi (8), otoimmün hemolitik anemi (1). Length of spleen were found to be 80-192 mm (mean spleen length 127.8 mm) in our patients. Three trocars were used in 16 patients, but four trocars were used in 9 patients. LigaSure Vessel Sealing System were used for achieving a safe vascular control, in two patients who had the biggest spleen size conversion to open procedure was necessary when spleen was removed. Because dissection could not completed in one of those, elevated level of pCO2 in arterial blood in other of those. The spleen was removed through the umbilical trocar by using a retrieval bag in other patients. Mean operative time was 154 min (45-240 min). No complication developed except one patient who suffered pleural effusion. Mean hospital stay was 4 days (2-12 days) and mean operative cost was found 2736 TL (1890 $).
Conclusion: LS can be performed safely even in clinic of pediatric surgery where LS has just been initiated. LS is preferred since advantages of LS are less postoperative pain, shorter of hospital stay and better cosmetic results.

Behcet’s disease is a multisystem disorder of unknown cause that is characterized by vasculitis. Pulmonary vascular problems such as pulmonary artery aneurysms due to Behcet’s disease are reported to indicate poor prognosis and high mortality. We describe a 19-year-old man who presented with hemoptysis. He had a history of recurrent oral and genital aphthous ulcerations for 15 months. The diagnosis of Behcet’s disease was made on the basis of the criteria published by the International Study Group for Behcet’s Disease. His chest X-ray showed bilateral hilar enlargement. A multislice computed tomography (CT) scan showed bilateral multiple pulmonary aneurysm with intramural thrombosis Multislice CT could be used successfully in Behcet’s disease for the diagnosis of pulmonary involvement.

Duplication cysts are conjenital abnormanilaties that can be place in all gastrointestinal tractus.They are usualy asemptomatic and may usualy established incidentaly during rutin examinations. They may rarely have complications like bleeding, invagination, obstruction, volvulus or malignancy. Our patient, came to our policlinics with abdominal pain. During radiological examinations, at left hipocondrial teritory 8x10 cm cyst was found. In the operation partial wedge resection to intestines with cyst exsicion was performed. Histopathologycal examination of the piece reported as intestinal duplication cyst. In this case report, our aim is to make the discrimination of mesenteric cysts and by the literature guide,
evaluation of the intestine duplication cysts.

The treatment of squamous cancer of the anal region has undergone a major change. Thirty years ago, radical surgery in the form of abdominoperineal resection was the only possibility for cure. Combined modality treatment with radiation therapy and chemotherapy has resulted in increased survival and in sphincter preservation for most patients.

Warty dyskeratoma is a benign epithelial tumour, that is commonly characterised by soliter papul or nodule. Clinical findings may be similar to sebaceous hyperplasia, pyojenic granuloma, verruca vulgaris and basal cell carsinoma. In a 16 year old male patient a brown-cream colored, centrally crust formated papular lesion with a 6x5 mm diameter was detected in the umblical region. After excisional biopsy it was found to be compatible with warty dyskeratoma histapathologically. Because of it’s unusual localisation, we have presented the case with literature.

The liver is damaged variable amount in the case of a lot of acute infections agents. This should be kept in mind at the progression of these patients. Especially viral hepatitis are important problem for developed or developing countries. Fromthese; hepatitis A, E and G progress acutely. Fort his reason; these are mentioned here. Transfussion transmitted virus (TTV), measles, rubella, rubeola, paramyxoviruses, parvovirus B19, herpes simplex virus 1-2, coxsackie B virus, echovirus 14-19, adenoviruses, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, Ebstein-Barr virus, herpes virus-6, HIV, etc. can cause demage on liver. In the minority of etiology bacteria (Escherichia coli, streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Brucella mellitensis, Legionella pneumophilia, Clostridium perfringes, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Salmonella typhii), spirochetes, protozoans and helminthes can be found. In this review; we will give a little information about these agents and we will eveluate acute infections that cause demage on liver totally.