Objective: Mandible fractures are the second most common fractures of the facial bones following nasal fractures. 40 patients were treated due to mandible fracture in our clinic between 1998-2000.
Study Design: While 85% of the cases were male, 15% were female. Patients were complaining from pain and swelling on their jaws and numbness of the lower lip. The main principles of treatment were early attempt, rigid fixation by minilmidi plates, Maxillomandibular fixation (MMF), circumferential wiring and reconstruction with bone graft. CT images and clinical observations were used for the evaluation of the patients as well as the pre and post operative conventional radiologic images. Cases were followed up between 6 months and 2 years.
Results: The most common fractures of the mandible were at the paramhsial and angulus regions in our patients. Conclusions: Rigid fixation with plate and screw should be the method of the treatment for appropriate patients.

Objective: İn our study we aimed to compare the effects of propofol-fentanyl and midazolam-fentanyl combinations on hemogram and biochemical parameters.
Study design: 40 patients undergoind gynaecological operation in ASA I-II status, aged between 18-55 years randomized into two groups. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2.5 mg/kg in Group P, midazolam 0.3 mg/kg in Group M and fentanyl 3 microglkg, atracurium 0.5 mg/kg in both groups. Anaestesia was maintaned with propofol infusion in a rate of 6-12 mg/kglh in Group P and midazolam infusion in a rate of 0.1 mg/kg/h in Group M. Venous blood samples were taken before induction and postoperative 30th min.
Results: Hemoglobin, haemotocrit, erytrocyte, lymphocyte values were decreased (p<0.05), leukocyte values were increased (p<0.05) significantly in both groups postoperatively. Serum glucose values in both groups, SGOT, SGPT, trigliserid values in Group P were higher significantly at postoperative period (p<0.05). Lymphocyte values were lower in Group M, SGOT, SGPT, trigliserid values were higher in Group P postoperatively, when two groups were compared with each other (p<0.05).
Conclusion: We conclude that propofol and midazolam with fentanyl for intravenous anaesthesia have an effect on immune system and propofol should be used carefully in patients with liver disease or impaired liver functions or in hyperlipidemia.

Objective: To supply a safe and confidential document to the persons who are interested in the history of anesthesia and our hospital, we have presented 1092 case who had taken anesthesia for cardiothorasic surgery.
Material and Method: This study was retrospectively worked from our clinic documentation. Data were expressed as mean, median(range) or number.
Results: The age group of the patients was; 27.7% pediatric and 6.31% geriatric, the ratio of F/M was found 0.62. 41.75% of the operation was short duration intervention ander was used in six cases. Massive blood transfusion was performed to 2.47% of the patients. At least one unit blood was transfused to 48.07 of the cases. As a volume expander, dextran 70 was chosen for the 1.28% of the cases.
Conclusion: While the intraoperative mortality rate was 1.09%, postoperative mortality rate in the first 24 hour was found 0.55%. Our results were similar to the literature.

OBJECTIVE: To research the effectiveness of cryosurgery on various indications.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: 89 patients who were treated by cryosurgery application between 14.09.1999 and 25.04.2000 were included in this study. Spray was used in 77 cases, prob in 9 cases, and both were used in 3 cases. The application was carried out until a lateral spread of freeze of 2-3 mm was seen around benign lesions, 3 mm around premalign lesions, and 5 mm around malign lesions. Double freeze-thaw cycle was applied in 55 cases, and single freeze-thaw cycle was applied in 32 cases. In two cases, both double and single freeze-thaw cycle were applied in different sessions; and freeze-thaw cycle was applied in malign lesions. The patients were followed up by weekly controls.
RESULTS: 87% of verruca vulgaris,!00 %of verruca anogenitalis, 57%of verruca plantaris, 80% of verruca filiformis, 100% of molluscum contagiosum, 85% of granuloma pyogenicum, 100% of hemangiom, 100% of actinic keratosis, 100% of seborrheic keratosis, 100% of basal cell carcinoma cases responded to cryosurgery. When evaluated totally, cure rate of the study is 95%.
CONCLUSIONS: While cryosurgery is one of the methods, which is preferred first in the treatment of actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, molluscum contagiosum, granuloma pyogenicum, it is an alternative method in the treatment of verruca vulgaris, verruca anogenitalis, verruca plantaris, verruca filiformis and seborrheic keratosis.

Purpose: In our study, 221 patients diagnosed to have primary brain and spinal tumors who presented to our department between 1985 and 1998 were evaluated retrospectively (Glioblastoma multiforme are not included).
Material and Method: 120 patients with astrocytoma, 20 patients with hypophsis adenoma, and 16 patients with primitive neuroectodermal tumors were evaluated. Of these patients 114 were male and 107 were female(male.female ratio-1: 1). Peak incidence was at 30-40 years of age. Total resection had been performed in 99 patients. 74 patients had undergone subtotal resection and 4 patients had lobectomy. Radiotheraphy was applied to the pimary tumor bed to 88 patients. 133 patients received craniospinal radiotheraphy.
Results: Astrocytomas was the most histopatological type. 128 patients (58%) of our patients curnrently survive, 93 (42%) are exitus. Mean follow-up time for the whole group was 30 months(0-176 months).

Purpose: Glial tumors make up 40-50 % of brain tumors and they form a group of malignancies with variable prognosis with respect to their location and histopathological subgroups. In our study, 145 patients diagnosed to have glial tumors who presented to our department between 1990 and 1999 were evaluated retrospectively and factors affecting survival were analysed.
Material and Method: 111 patients with astrocytic tumors, 14 patients with oligodendroglial tumors, 7 patients with ependymal tumors and 13 patients with primitive neuroectodermal tumors were evaluated. Of these patients 77 were male and 68 were female (male.female ratio=l: 1). Peak incidence was at 31-40 years of age. Subtotal resection had been performed in 52 patients, 61 patients (42%) had undergone total resection and 4 patients had undergone lobectomy. Radiotheraphy (RT) was applied to the tumor bed in 33 patients. 91 patients received cranial RT and 9 patients received craniospinal RT. Mean follow-up time for the whole group was 26 months. Mean follow-up time was 31 months for patients with G 1-2 tumors, 21 months for patients with G 3 tumors and 16 months for those with g 4 tumors. Follow-up time was 26 months for patients who had undergone subtotal resection, 34 months for those who had undergone total resection and 10 months for whom lobectomy was performed.
Results: The best result was achieved in the group of patients who had undergone macroscopic total excision. Occipital lobe was the lobe least frequently involved while involvement ratios of other lobes were comparable. General treatment strategy is the removal of as much tumor as possible followed by postoperative RT.

INTRODUCTION: To investigate early term sensorineural hearing loss (acustic trauma) due to drill used otologic surgeiy.
MATERIAL METHOD: This prospective study is carried out in 40 patients who were underwent drilled otological surgeiy in §ifi Etfal Research and Education Hospital between September 1997 and September 1998. Acustic trauma caused by drill was investigated. Odiometric study were done preoperative and postoperative 24tli and 48th hours.
RESULTS: In 3 cases (%75), statistically significant gap between preoperative bone conduction and postoperative were found in 2000 and 4000 Hz. We found that there was no statistically significant decrease in bone conduction in patients at 24th hour after surgery (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Sever noise conducted to coclea by bone in drill used otologic surgeiy may cause sensorineural type hearing loss.

OBJECT: Von Willebrand Factor levels, which is an indicator of endothelial damage, were studied in diabetic patients.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 79 patients, 19 men and 60 women were followed up by the Sisli Etfal Hospital Diabetes Clinic were includud in the study. The patient were divided in five groups depending on the duration and regulation of diabetes and the presence of hypertension and the results were compared statistically.
RESULTS: In the hypertensive groups, von Willebrand factor levels were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the normotensive groups. There were no stasistically significant relationship between von Willebrand factor levels and the duration or the regulation of diabetes (p>0.05 ).
CONCLUSiON: In the development of diabetic angiopathy, disturbance of glucose level regulation does not have a major role by itself, but it is concluded that accompanying risk factor (hypertension) causes endothelial damage.

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed, to evaluate the suspectibility to quinolones of different bacteria isolated fdom clinical materials.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: The suspectibility to ofloxacin, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin of 120 bacterial strains isolated from clinical materials was investigated in our clinical microbiological laboratories.
RESULTS: The most susceptible microorganisms to quinolones were Proteus species with 100% susceptibility. The susceptibility of E.coli was 90%, Eenterobakter and Klebsiella was 75%, Citrobakter species was 20% and it was the lowest. The susceptibility of Staphylococcus species was 90%, Pseudomonas species was 50%.
CONCLUSION: According to our study, yet there isn’t any serious resistance problem with the quinolones.

OBJECTIVE: In this study our goal was to determine the change of antibiotic susceptibility of the gram negative rods throghout the years.
STUDY DESIGN: During 1989-90 and 1996-97 bacteria isolated from different materials sent to the laboratory and their susceptibility to antibiotics were examined retrospectively. The difference between the years was tested statistically by chi-square test.
RESULTS: Ther was an apparent decrease in susceptibility to antibiotics like Clavulonic acid+amoxicillin, ceftazidim, ceftriaxone and increase in susceptibility to gentamicin in Klebsiella spp. There was increase in susceptibility to aminoglycozides in Pseudomonos spp., decrease in susceptibility to Clavulonicacid+amoxicillin and ceftriaxone in E.coli, increase in susceptibility to ceftazidim and aminoglycozides in Proteus spp.
CONCLUSION: According to our results every health center should perform its antibiotic susceptibility tests for periods of time in order to modify the antibiotic usage.

Since 1894 when Neyrmyelitis optica or Devic s Disease was first described by Devic and his collegues, the discussion about its difference from multiple sclerosis is going on. In this report a nine year old patient with optik noritis and myelitis is presented and Devic’s Syndrome is discussed.

In this case report we present two pakients with acute renafl failure as a result of non traumatic rhabdomylesis due to heroin usage. Both of their complaints as they came to the emergency clinic were fatigue, generalized pain, passage of dark urine. Acute renal failure as a result of rhabdomylesis due to heroin usage is a rare event and recovery from renal failure without the need of hemodialysis in both cases was noteworthy.