Object: This study was designed to compare the effects of oral and parenteral calcitriol on serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and parathormone.
Material and Method: Twenty patients with end-stage renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis (10 males and 10 females, ages ranging between 22 and 80 years) were enrolled to the study. They were randomly assigned to two groups. The first group (n-11) was given active vitamin D (0.5-2 pgr) intravenously after every hemodialysis session, thrice per week. Second group (n=9) received oral calcitriol (0.25- 1.5 pgr/day). Serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and parathormone levels were observed for six months.
Results: At the end of six months, the decrease in alkaline phosphatase levels in the IV calcitriol receiving group was statistically significant (p<0.05). The calcium and phosphorus levels in both groups and ALP levels in the oral calcitriol receiving group was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Parathormone levels were decreased in 37% of the IV calcitriol receiving group and 44% of the group on oral calcitriol therapy.
Conclusion: In patients on hemmodialysis theraphy, there was not a significant difference between the effects of oral or IV calcitriol on serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and parathormone levels.

Purpose: In adult cancers %0.8 of soft tissue sarcoma. It‘s seen in all age groups but with age occurrence percentage increases. Factors affecting prognosis in soft tissue sarcomas have not been definitely determined yet. Radiotheraphy has taken its place in the standard treatment of soft tissue sarcomas and chemotheraphy‘s place is being questioned. In this study, patients that came to our clinic with soft tissue sarcoma have been investigated regarding relapse, metastasis and total survival retrospectively and statistically evaluated (Kaplan Meier and Long rank tests are used, p<0.05 is accepted meaningful)
Material and Procedure: 144 patients diagnosed soft tissue sarcoma have been followed up between the years 1990-2000. the average age is 43(3-83 years) and %39 is over the age of 55.76 of the patients are male and 68 are female. The male/female ratio is 1.1. The most often seen one is Leiomyosarcoma (%20, n=29), 2nd often seen one is Liposarcoma (%12, n-12). Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is seen mostly in the thigh gluteal area and shoulder. Leiomyosarcoma in the abdomen and pelvis, liposarcoma in the retroperitoneum. The tumour often develops at the lower extremities (n-27, %18). Tumour‘s avarage diameter is 12 cm. (2-40 cm). Of these patients 55 were stage IV (%38), 56 were stage III (%39) and 23 were stage I (%23). Metastasis has been seen in the lungs mostly (42 patients). 114 patients (%80) had systematic chemotheraphy, 76 patients (%55) had radiotheraphy and 56 patients had both chemotheraphy and radiotheraphy. Mostly MEID protocol had been applied (n=98, %87). 1,3 and 5 year survival percentage is 62%, 26% and 15% respectively.
Conclusion: In our working group factors effecting survival were found as: age (p=0.0029), stage (p-0,0000), lymph node involvement (p=0,0000), radiotheraphy (p=0,0372) [postoperative p=(0,0000)[, chemotherapy (neo-adjuvant or adjuvant (p-0,0000), MEID application as chemotheraphy regime (p-0,0197), presence of metastasis (p-0.0001) and application of metastasectomy (p-0.0296): factors effecting recurrence were found as: histopathological subtype (p-0.0499), deeply embedded tumour (p=0.0366) and lymph node involvement (p-0.0000). Factors effecting metastasis were found as: histopathological subtype (p = 0.0496), (p = 0.0363) and location (p-0.0210).

Purpose: The soft tissue sarcomas in young adults havt different characteristics than those in children in terms o localization, histological type and response to theraphy Currently radiotheraphy has a secure place in the standar treatment of soft tissue sarcomas. The role of chemotheraph is being questioned to prevent micrometastases and contro métastasés. This study evaluates retrospectively those patient, diagnosed with adolescent and young adult soft tissui sarcomas who applied to our clinic between 1990-1998.
Rationale And Method: Between 1990-1998, 41 patients aged 15-30, with soft tissue sarcoma diagnosis applied t< our clinic. 25 were male and 16 were female (Men/Women 1,6) 8 patients had fibrosarcoma (20%), 7 hat leiomyosarcoma ( 17%) and 6 had rhabdomyosarcoma. (15% The most frequent tumor localization was the lower extremit (13 patients, 32%). The mean tumor diameter was 9.5 err, 16 patients were at stage 4 (39%) and 14 were at stage. (34%). Lung metastasis was the most frequent one. 38 patient (93%) received systemic chemotherapy and 26 (63%) receive radiotheraphy. The average survival period was 31 month, and the 2-year survival rate was 46%.
Results: The factors effecting survival were: stage, grade tumor diameter, extremity localization, metastasectomy an negative surgery limit status.

Objective: Our study aimed to detect the quantitative profile of humoral defence in immune response developed against exracellular bacteria in various infections.
Study Design: In a group of 50 subject infected with exracellular bacteria, the quantitative evaluation of humoral immunity in practice, is carried out by detection of IgG, IgM, IgA parameters in plasma.
Results: 3 out of 19 subjects having respiratory system infection (%15,7) are found to have a significant deficit in IgG levels. The 3 out of the rest subjects having IgG deficit are also found to have IgA deficit. 8 out of 21 patients having genitourinary system infection (%38) are found to have an increase in IgA levels. 2 out of 21 subjects are also found to have a combined immunoglobulin increase (IgA- IgG, IgA- IgM).
Conclusion: In our study, the immunoglobulin profile of subjects with bacterial infection of respiratory and genitourinary system showed a significant deficit in IgG levels. We also found that there is a correlation between the decrease in IgG levels and the duration of the infection. In subjects having urinary system infection, in contrast to the results given in varies previous studies, we found a significant increase in IgA levels compared to subjects in control group.

Objective: In this study we have evaluated prognostic fact which is the most important to choose treatment metho sürvival.
Study Design: The period of 1987-1995, 327 breast can patients, who followed up more than 1 years in Þiþli E Hospital Radiation Oncology clinic have been evaluated their age group, histologic status, tumor size, tumor site t axiller lymph node status.
Result: For their age groups; 44% of patients in 35-50 groups, 36% of patients in 51-65 age groups. Invaziv ductal carcinoma is the most common histologic type (64.8 Stage 1;15 patients, stage 2; 188 patients, stage 3;111 path and stage 4;9 patients have been followed
Conclusion: Prognostic factors are important to detern treatment methods. The most important prognostic faci are axiller lyphmnode status, histologic type, patients age, tumor size and site and steroid receptor status

Objective: Risk factors in young adults who had MI and its relation with anticardiolipin antibody
Materials And Methods: Anticardiolipin levels were compared between 35 patients with acute MI in study group and 22 patients without MI in control group. Patients who had certain MI diagnosis and between 16-45 ages have been chosen from Sisli Etfal Hospital and Haseki Hospital Cardiology Intensive Care Unit. Patient group had at least 2 MI criteria (eg. clinical findings, ECG, enzymes). Discussion: In study group anticardiolipin was (+) in 14 patients, but only 3 from control group had ( + ) anticardiolipin. It hasn’t been found a significant correlation between anticardiolipin levels and post MI complication progress. In study and control group, it has been found statistically significant different results in fibrinogen, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL levels and cigarette smoking (p<0,005).
Conclusion: In this study, we found that there is a relation between anticardiolipin levels and acute MI.

OBJECTIVE: Assessing the relationship between type II Diabetes Mellitus and the frequency of Hepatitis B and C infections.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: Anti HBs, HBsAg, Anti HBc and Anti HCV markers were measured in 120 type II Diabetes Mellitus patients and 60 patients in the control group. The diabetic group was subdivided further depending on (I) any one or more of Anti HBs, HBsAg, Anti HBc and Anti HCV markers being positive or negative, (2) presence of HbsAg (HBs Ag positive or negative)and (3) presence of Anti HCV (Anti HCV positive or negative). The transaminase levels were compared between the groups.
RESULTS: The positive results in the patient and control groups were 8 (6.7%) and 3 (5%) for HBs Ag, 38 (31.7%) and 22 (36.7%) for HbsAb, 4 (3.3%) and 1 (1.7%) for AntiHCV, respectively. The results were not statistically significant. The transaminase levels were significantly higher in the marker positive group.
CONCLUSION: In diabetic patients, frequency of HBV and HCV infection was not higher than the non-diabetic group. But since these patients frequently require medical intervention, it is important to pay attention to the hygenic rules during the interventions and to screen for HBV and HCV infection in diabetic patients in case of transaminase level elevations.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of homocysteine as a potential candidate to explain the relationship between type II DM patients with elevated total homocysteine concentration with nephropathy and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: 44 type II DM patients were included in the study. The patients were seperated into three groups and the homocysteine, creatinine, trygliceride, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, Hb A1C levels were compared between the groups.
RESULT: The homocysteine level differences between the groups were statistically significant (p<0.05); between group I and group II, homocysteine levels were higher in group II with proteinuric patients; between group I and group III, homocysteine levels were higher in patients with ischemic heart disease in group III; comparison between group II which had patients with ischemic heart disease and proteinuria had higher levels of homocysteine than group III. The other parameters did not show statistically significant differences between the groups (p>0.05).
CONCLUSION: Homocysteine levels were higher in the NIDDM patients with ischemic heart disease and/or proteinuria. It is concluded that doctors diagnosing and following up diabetic patients and trying to lower the risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity should take into consideration hyperhomocysteinemia, which is a treatable and independent risk factor.

Objective: We performed a randomised, double-blind controlled study in 40 patients undergoing knee arthroscopy to evaluate the effects of intraarticular (morphine- bupivacaine) combination on postoperative pain treatment and early mobilisation.
Study Design: The patients in group I received 3 mg of morphine-75 mg 0.25% bupivacaine combination in 30 ml NaCl solution intraarticulary while those in group II received 30 ml saline alone at the end of the operation. Postoperative pain was assessed at 1., 4., 2.,8.,12. and 24. hours by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and by VAS and Walking Scale (WS) at 2.-7. days. Need for analgesic drugs, time to walking without crutches and side effects were recorded.
Results: VAS values were lower in group I than in group II at all hours postoperatively. Need for analgesic drug was occurred for group II at 4. hours postoperatively. VAS and VPS values were significantly lower in group I than group II. at postoperative 2.-7. days. Total analgesic consumption was significantly higher in group II than group I. Time to return walking without crutches was significantly shorter in group I than group II. There was not any significant difference between the groups about side effects.
Conclusions: We concluded that; the combination of intraarticular morphine and bupivacaine provides effective pain control and has a positive effect on returning to normal activities following arthroscopic knee surgery.

Carcinoma Erysipeloides which looks like cellulitis or erysipelas and shows clearly bordered erythematous plaque is a rare cutaneous form of metastasis. Although it is the most frequently associated with the breast cancer, it can be seen with melanoma and tumours of lung, ovary, colon, pancreas. The course of these cases is progressive and the expected life time is approximately two years. This kind of carcinoma may make difficulty in diagnosis because of its inflammatory signs of this. In this paper, a case who has been which breast cancer for 14 years and carcinoma erysipeloides is presented.

The compression of neurovascular structures in shoulder and upper extremities may come out by a local trauma or like in sportsmen by recurrent activities. Unusual actions of shoulders in sportsmen, make the normal structure pathologic and by compressing neurovascular structures, symptoms are defined. Signs and symptoms depend on the degree to which particular nerves and vascular structures are compromised and on the position of compression. Those symptoms are changeable from weakness to anesthesia of the limb, even though venous engorgement. According to compression of specific anatomic structure, special syndromes are occurred. The most important of those are thoracic outlet syndrome, venous thrombosis, axillery artery occlusion and quadrilateral space syndrome. The workers who are always using their arms above their heads or sportsmen should already examined based on differential diagnosis of neurovascular compression syndromes of shoulder if they had upper limb pain