The causes of neonatal mortality in neonatal intensive care unit in 5 years (2007-2011)

Aim: This study was aimed to present the demographic information about neonates who were hospitalized and followed in our neonatal clinic and who died during follow-up.
Material and Methods: In this study, records of neonates who died in our Neonatal Clinic in five years (from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2011) were evaluated retrospectively. Neonatal mortality rates, perinatal-maternal risk factors and causes of mortality were determined.
Results: During the five years, 5491 patients admitted in our clinic and 167 of them died. The mortality rate was 3,04%. The rate of neonates who died in the first 24 hours was 15,6%, whereas 74,9% of them died in the first 7 days of life. The gender distribution of infant deaths was found 46.8% female and 53.2% male. The rate of consanguineous marriage was 28,1%. The rate of mothers <19 years of age was 2,3%; whereas >35 years of age was 14,3%. The rate of neonates who were born <37 weeks of gestational age was 61.6%, whereas 29,9% of them were <28 weeks of gestational age; 37,1% of them were <1000 g of birth weight and 64,6% of them were <2500 g. The most common causes of neonatal mortality were determined as respiratory distress syndrome and prematurity (24.6%), neonatal sepsis (14.9%) and congenital anomalies (10.2%). Other causes were found perinatal asphyxia (8.9%), other respiratory problems (pneumothorax, meconium aspiration syndrome, congenital diaphragm hernia, etc.) (8.9%), cyanotic congenital heart disease (8.4%), metabolic diseases (7.7%), intraventricular hemorrhage (7.7%), necrotizing enterocolitis (3.6%) and others (4.9%).
Conclusion: Prematurity and congenital anomalies are still frequent reasons of neonatal deaths. To establish preventable mortality reasons and prevent relevant conditions can be helpful to decrease neonatal mortality rates.

Yenidoðan yoðun bakým ünitesinde beþ yýllýk sürede (2007-2011) neonatal ölüm nedenleri

Amaç: Hastanemiz yenidoðan kliniðinde yatýrýlarak izlenen ve izlem sýrasýnda kaybedilen bebeklerin demografik özelliklerinin sunulmasý amaçlanmýþtýr.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Yenidoðan Kliniðimizde beþ yýllýk süre içerisinde (1 Ocak 2007–31 Aralýk 2011), kaybedilen bebeklerin kayýtlarý retrospektif olarak incelenerek; neonatal mortalite oranlarý, perinatalmaternal risk faktörleri ve ölüm nedenleri belirlendi.
Bulgular: Çalýþma süresince kliniðimize yatan hasta sayýsý 5491 iken bu bebeklerin 167’si kaybedildi ve mortalite oraný %3,04 olarak saptandý. Kaybedilen bebeklerin %15,6’sý ilk 24 saat içerisinde, %74,9’u ise ilk 7 gün içerisinde kaybedilmiþti. Kaybedilen bebeklerin %46,8’i kýz, %53,2’si erkek idi. Akraba evliliði sýklýðý %28,1 ve anne yaþý <19yaþ olma oraný %2,3 ve >35 yaþ olma oraný %14,3 olarak belirlendi. Kaybedilen bebeklerin %61,6’sý 37 gebelik haftasýnýn altýnda, %29,9’u 28 gebelik haftasý ve altýnda doðmuþtu. Doðum aðýrlýðýna göre ise %37,1’i 1000 g altýnda ve %64,6’sý 2500 g altýnda idi. En sýk saptanan yenidoðan ölüm nedenleri; respiratuar distres sendromu ve immatürite %24,6, neonatal sepsis %14,9 ve konjenital anomaliler %10,2 olarak belirlendi. Diðer nedenler ise sýrasýyla; perinatal asfiksi %9, diðer solunum problemleri (pnömotoraks, mekonyum aspirasyon sendromu, konjenital diyafragma hernisi v.b) %9, siyanotik konjenital kalp hastalýðý %8,4, metabolik hastalýklar %7,7, intraventriküler kanama %7,7, nekrotizan enterokolit %3,6 ve diðer nedenler %4,9 olarak belirlendi.
Sonuç: Yenidoðan bebeklerin ölüm nedenleri arasýnda immatürite ve konjenital anomaliler günü- müzde önemli bir sýklýkta yer almaktadýr. Bebeklerin önlenebilir ölüm nedenlerinin saptanarak bunlarý azaltmaya yönelik çabalar yenidoðan bebeklerin ölüm oranlarýný azaltmada belirli oranda faydalý olacaktýr.