The Clinical and Etiological Evaluation of Melasma Cases

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the clinical manifestations of melasma and possible etio1ogic factors in this disease.
STUDY DESIGN: in six months, 18 cases with malasma were investigated with respect age, sex, skin type, parity, associated diseases and exposure to sun. Wood light was one year and used to determine localization who have had pregnancies in the last one year and women already pregnant were excluded.
RESULTS: Of the 18 cases, 94,44 % were female, 5,55 % were ma/e. Average disease duration was 10,6 and mean age of the patients was 31,8 years. With regards to skin, the distribution of melasma cases were that, 50 % type 4,27,78 % type 5.22.22 % typc 3. The distribution of the clinical types were as 66,67 % centrofacial. 27,78 % mandihular, and 5,55 % were malar. Regarding the localization, 44,44 % were epidermal, 55,56 % were mixed. Possible etiologic.factors were to sun excessively (% 58,82), cosmetic ( 17,65 %) oral contraceptives (17,65 %) and pregnancy (5,88 %).
CONCLUSION: We concluded that melasma was seen mostly in women in their early thirties. The most common skin types were types 4,5 and 3. Clinical types were mostly, centrafacial and mandibular. Regarding the localization, mixed type was the commonest. Possible etiologic factors were being exposed to sun excessively, oral cotraceptives, cosmetic materials and pregnancy.

Melasma Klinik ve Etyolojik Olarak Deðerlendirilmesi

AMAÇ: Bu çalýþmada melasma olgularýnýn klinik olarak deðerlendirilmesi ve olasý etyolojik nedenlerin araþtýrýlmasý amaçlandý.
MATERYAL VE METOD: 6 aylýk bir sürede, Þ.E.H. Deri ve Zührevi Hastalýklar polikliðine baþvurarak, melasma tanýsý almýþ olan 18 olgu yaþ, c,ns, deri tipi, hipermelanozisin yerleþim seviyesi, gebelik sayýsý, eþlik eden hastalýklar ve güneþle temas açýsýndan deðerlendirildi. Lezyonlarýn yerleþim seviyesinin tespitinde wood ýþýðý muayenesinden yararlanýldý. Gebe ve postpartum 1 yýl içindekiler çalýþmaya alýnmadý.
BULGULAR: 18 olgunun %94.44’ü kadýn %5.58’i erkekti. ortalama hastalýk süresi 10.6 aydý. Hastalarýn yaþ ortalamasý31,8 olarak saptandý. Melasmanýn deri tiplerine göre daðýlýmý Tip 4 %50, Tip 5 %27,78 ve Tip 3 %22,22 þeklindeydi. Lezyonlarýn klinik tiplere göre santro- fasiyal % 66,67, man.dihular %27,78, malar % 5,55 olarak belirlenirken, seviyeleri%55.56’sýnda mikst % 44,44'ünde epidermal olarak saptandý. Olasý etyolojik nedenler olarak; % 58,82 maruziyet (ultraviyole radyasyon),% 17,65 oral kontraseptifler, % 17,65 kozmetik ürünler ve %5.88’inde gebelik þeklinde belirlendi.
SONUÇ: Çalýþmamýzda melasmanýn genç eriþkin kadýnlarda daha sýk gözlendiðini ve sýrasýyla TÝP4, TÝP 5 VE TÝP 3 deri tiplerinde dahasýk geliþtiðini belirledik. Klinik olarak en fazla santrofasiyal ve mandihuler tiplere rastlanýrken, seviye en fazla saptanan. mikst tipti. etyolojik faktörler, temas, oral kontrasept/f fer, kozmetik ürünler ve gebelik olarak belirlendi.