Nosocomial infections are one of the most important reason for late neonatal morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Neonatal nosocomial infections are highier than those in adult and pediatric intensive care units. Recent marked advances in intensive care conditiones have improved the survival rate of high risk babies, however neonates have also increase the frequency of invasive procedures. Because most of neonates in NICUs are premature and highly susceptible to infection due to immaturity of immune function and impaired defense mechanism, most of invasive procedures can easily cause the infections. Therefore, nosocomial infections are an important cause of high morbidity, mortality and health care costs in high risk neonates.

Objective: Meckel diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. The symptoms manifest under age 2 years. It is encountered predominantly in males. Meckel’s diverticulum may have ectopic tissue. Meckel’s diverticulum cases diagnosed in our department have been reevaluated for age, sex and ectopic tissue.
Study Design: Between the years 2004-2009, 34 small intestine operation materials have been inspected in the pathology department. Their histopathological features have been evaluated retrospectively.
Results: Twenty seven of the cases are males, seven of them are females. Ages of 31 of the cases are between 3 and 19, 3 of the cases are 2 or less than 2 years old. Nineteen of small intestine operation materials have only ileum tissue, 12 of them have ectopic gastric mucosa, one of them has colonic mucosa and two of them have ectopic gastric mucosa and heterotopic pancreatic tissue in addition to ileal mucosa.
Conclusion: Meckel’s diverticulum usually has no symptoms, but hemorrhage, ulcus and obstruction can be associated with the presence of ectopic tissue. There was no malignant tumour in our series.

Objective: Dermatologic diseases have a considerable impact on patients’ social relationships, psychological status and daily activities. Recently, studies which assess this impact and also guide to therapies have popularity. It has been aimed to evaluate the effects of dermatologic diseases on quality of life of Turkish dermatology outpatients using Turkish dermatology quality of life instrument (TDQL) and to determine the link between demographic parameters and Turkish dermatology life quality index.
Methods: A total of randomly selected 197 dermatology out patients (120 female, 77 male; and mean age was: 36.01) were included in this study. TDQL was applied to each patient. The relationship between patients’ sex, age, occupational status, category, duration, severity and extensity of disease with TDQL scores were investigated and were assessed statistically
Results: No significant distinctions were detected between the total TDQL scores of the patients and their sex, age or occupational status. However, there were differences between TDQL scores and category, duration and extensity of disease; the patients who had severe diseases had significantly higher scores (p: 0.0001 rs: 0.296). The first five diseases that affected the quality of life the most were psoriasis, acne, eczema, seborrheic dermatitis and pruritus.
Conclusion: Skin diseases significantly affect patients’ looks, social life and emotional situation. Our study results with TDLQ conform to those obtained by other quality of life measurements in different communities. Therefore, life style and discrepancy between everyday activities according to sociocultural characteristics, don’t seem to be affect the results as much as expected.

Aim: Evaluation of clinical features, prognosis in early period, and effect of operation time in hospitalized neonates diagnosed for meningomyelocele was aimed.
Materyal and Method: All newborns hospitalized with meningomyelocele diagnosis between January 2006 and December 2009 were involved in the study. Clinical features, defective area, existence of additional anomalies, operation time, applied modalities of treatment, morbidity and mortality data were prospectively recorded in neonatal period. Effect of operation time on mortality and morbidity was evaluated.
Results: 40 patients were assessed throughout the study period, 49% of which were female. Mean birth weight, height, head circumference and mother age were found 3280±450 g; 47,3±3,3 cm; 37,4±5,1 cm, and 25,1±5,2 years respectively. Neither of the mothers were supplied folate support in whole group. 70% of the cases were diagnosed for antenatal meningomyelocele. The meningomyelocele was localized in thoracolumbar (6%), cervical (6%) and lumbar (85%) areas. Mean diameter for pouch of meningomyelocele was 5,3±2,5 cm, whereas 70% (n=28) of the babies had dermal defects. Hydrocephaly 50% (n=20), pes equinovarus 18% (n=7), pelvicalicial ectasia 17% (n=6), acetabular dysplasia 7% (n=3), Arnold-Chiari malformation 7% (n=3), and hydronephrosis 7% (n=3) accounted for additional anomalies. Mean time passed for surgical operation was 3.5±2.1 days; mean durations for hospitalization was 10.8±7.2 days, and for antibiotherapy was 7.2±3.2 days. 21 cases were applied autologous graft. Cases operated later than three days were longer hospitalized, they had longer antibiotherapies, and higher complication rates (p 0,04; p 0,02 and p 0,01 respectively) in neonatal period.
Conclusions: Surgical operation of patients diagnosed for meningomyelocele in neonatal period in no more than three days reduces durations for hospitalization and antibiotics usage, and complication rates significantly, as well.

Objective: In our study we aimed to compare the maternal and neonatal effects of desflurane and sevoflurane in women undergoing elective caesarean section.
Methods: After the approval from Ethics Committee of our Hospital, 40 healthy parturients undergoing electivecaserean section were allocated randomly into two groups after their informed consent was taken. Desflurane 3% in Group D or sevoflurane 1% in Group S were used in a 50% nitrous oxide and oxygen mixture for maintenance of anaesthesia. Systolic, diastolic, mean blood pressure, heart rate values and peripheral oxygen saturation were recorded as baseline and followed up with 5 min intervals peroperatively. Neonatal status was evaluated with APGAR scores at 1 and 5 min, umblical cord blood gas analysis, neurologic adaptive capacity scores at 2 and 24 h. Extubation and recovery times of the mother, haemoglobin and haematocrit values were recorded preoperatively and at postoperative 24.hours.
Results: Blood pressure and heart rate changes were similar in Group D and Group S in intraoperative period. Neonatal outcome was evaluated similar in Group D and Group S. Extubation and recovery times were shorter in Group D than Group S. Haemoglobin and haematocrit values were similar between the groups preoperatively and at postoperative 24 hours.
Conclusion: We concluded that; the maternal and newborn effects of desflurane and sevoflurane were similar, and desflurane can be preferred to sevoflurane with the conditions for early extubation and short recovery period in elective caesarean operations in the concentrations that we have used.

Objective: The study was aimed to examine clinical and demographic characteristics, in-hospital and two years mortality of 92 patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (MI) between January 2005-December 2005 in our hospital that can not made invasive therapy.
Methods: Records of patients were reviewed retrospectively. Two years moratlitiy was taken about by calling phone. For statistical evaluations, SPSS 16.0 for Windows software was used.
Results: Mean age of 92 patients was 58.1±10.14 years. Seventy-three of the patients were male and 19 were female. Non-ST elevation MI was found in 8 (9%) patients and ST-elevation MI in 84 (91%). Forty one (4%%) patients received thrombolytic treatment, 51 (65%) did not due to reaching to the hospital lately or several counter indication. Seventeen patients died at admission. In-hospital mortality rate is significantly lower in patients receiving thrombolitic (p=0.045). Thirty-three patients developed complication at admission. The most frequent complication was cardiogenic shock. In two years after discharcing th patients; two years moratlity was significantly lower in patients receiving thrombolitic (p<0,05). There was no difference in new ACS between two groups.
Conclusion: Although cardiovascular death is the most common cause of death, a few centers in our country are able to perform interventions in acute coronary syndromes. This increases the importance of centers performing thrombolytic treatment such as our one. In the current study, a substantial proportion of patients did not receive thrombolytic treatment due to delayed admission to the hospital.In hospital and two years mortality was significantly lower among those receiving thrombolytic treatment. Hence, the community should be appropriately informed to allow the early admission to the hospital.

Approximately 3-5% of all abdominal traumas are associated with duodenal injury, and most of these result from penetrating trauma. These injuries are usually in the form of small lacerations or hematomas; and 90% is accompanied by injury of at least one additional organ. Current literature recognizes only one case of isolated, all around and full thickness duodenal rupture following blunt abdominal trauma in the absence of other intraabdominal organ or great vessel injury as in this case(1). It is well known that early recognition and prompt treatment of duodenal injury significantly reduces morbidity and mortality. Considering the possibility of gastroduodenal injuries in patient with blunt abdominal trauma also enables early diagnosis and treatment. We aim to present our rarely seen case with this article.

Dacryocystitis is uncommon in infants, and it almost exclusively occurs as a complication of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Swelling, rush and epifora were clinical findings. Nowadays there is not any single therapy recognized. Medical respond to treatment factors in patients with the clinical use of antibiotics to cover the surgical table requirements ameliorate. In this lecture is presented who applied obstruction
nasolacrimal canal and the related phenomenon of enhanced dacryocystitis on the below right eye detected in a neonate.

Patau syndrome is a rare congenital disorder which was reported by Patau in 1960. The syndrome is caused by presence of an extra copy of chromosome 13. Trisomy 13 occurs with a frequency of about 1 in 10,000 livebirth. Associated symptoms and findings may vary in range and severity from case to case. However, many affected newborns have abnormalities of skull and facial region; cardiac, renal malformations; and/or other physical abnormalities. The lifespan of babies affected by the severe malformations are shortened. A newborn with multiple malformations characteristic for Trisomy 13 is presented in this case report.

Trichoepithelioma is an uncommon benign skin tumor that shows follicular differentiation.The differentiating of trichoepitheliomas from basal cell carcinoma on histologic examination is most difficult. A 28-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with a 1 year history of an asymptomatic, skin-colored, slowly growing nodular lesion located on the scalp, measuring 2x1.5x1.5 cm, with no central ulceration or crusts. A clinical diagnosis of nodular basal cell carcinoma was considered. Trichoepithelioma was reported in histopathological examination of biopsy that was taken from this region. We present the case of a 28-year-old man with nodular mass located on the scalp.

Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome is a considerably rare disorder that is principally diagnosed by multiple congenital anomalies observed in the head and neck region. It was first identified in 1948 by Hallermann and then in 1950 by Streiff. The most frequently encountered clinical characteristics of the syndrome are bird-like facial appearance, hypoplastic mandible and maxilla, eye and teeth anomalies, skin atrophy, particularly on the nose, and short stature. Because of the rarity of this syndrome, this paper presents a neonate with Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome together with a description of the newborn’s clinical characteristics.