Objective: The aim of this study is to present the our experience of transthoracic biopsy.
Materials and Method: Transthoracic biopsy were performed in 452 cases (54 female, 398 male) in our interventional radiology unit between
01.01.2007-31.12.2008. Emphysema around the lesion, length of the lung paranchyma traversed during biopsy, biopsy from cavity wall, travesing fissure, atelectasis and pleural tag were grouped into lesion related factors, type of biopsy, needle size, number of passages, procedure related factors. All variables were analysed by ki2 test.
Results: Among these patients 242 of them had CT guided FNAB and 210 patients had CT guided tru-cut biopsy. Complications were pneumothorax in 73 cases (16%) and in 46 cases (10%). A chest tube was inserted only in 16 (3.5%) of them. The variable that was significantly associated with an increased risk of pneumothorax was length of the lung parenchyma and number of passages traversed statistically. The only variable that was significantly associated with an increased risk of pulmoner hemorrhage was type of biopsy needle.
Conclusion: Our results confirm that CT guided transthoracic needle biopsy are effective diagnostic methods with minimal complication rate.

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the sociodemographic characteristics and axis I comorbidity in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
Methods: We evaluated 59 psychiatric outpatients from Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, who diagnosed OCD according to DSM-IV criteria. Comorbid Axis-I diagnoses assessed with SCID-I (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV).
Results: 48 of the patients were female (81,4%) and 11 of them were male (18.6%) and we found higher female/male ratio than literature. Mean age of patients was 37.4±14.3 and mean duration of education was 8.7 years. 52 of patients (%89) had any comorbid disorder and major depression was found to be most frequent comobid diagnosis (39,5%).
Conclusion: Major depression (%57.6), specific phobia (%37) and agarophobia (%22) rates were higher than literature; social anxiety disorder (%22) and panic disorder (%15.3) rates were similar with literature in our study.

Objective: In this study importance of health units which display activities in schools and their contribution to education and training system was evaluated. Healthcare services in schools provide protection from diseases and bad habits, treatment, physical and mental rehabilitation in adolescents. Health state of students in period of development plays important role in their future health.
Methods: In this part of the study correlation of healthcare services and efficacy of education programs were observed. Data of I.Ü., I.T.Ü, Uğur High school and Kültür High school were evaluated.
Results: Especially visit/year numbers were found to be very low in university students (0,157-0,486/year).
Conclusions: It is obvious that existing school healthcare services and their executed programs have deficiencies and problems. To be able to overcome these problems ministry of health, ministry of national education and public health departments of universities should organize collective work which will address to problems and figure them out.

Objective: To assess the excisional biopsy results that is performed with wire localization procedure, of patients with nonpalpable breast lesions.
Material and Methods: 124 patients with nonpalpable lesions of a diameter of less than 1 cm, and with a malignity risk, which were detected
at mammography or breast USG that were performed after routine breast examination between January 2003- June 2008 at 2. general surgery polyclinic of Şişli Etfal Training and research hospital, were included in the study.
Results: The mean age of 124 patients were 51.4, with the oldest one was 73, and the youngest was 28 years old. According to the histopathological examination, 100 patients (%80.64) had benign and 24 patients (%19.36) had malign lesions. The distribution of the malign lesions were as follows: 15 invasive ductal carcinoma, 6 lobular carcinoma, and 3 in situ carcinoma. With the prognostic factors taken into consideration in patients with malign lesions, 3 patients had breast- conserving surgery and sentinel lymph node biopsy, 2 patients had breast-conserving surgery and axillary curettage, 6 patients had mastectomy, and 13 patients had modified radical mastectomy.
Conclusion: We think that the excisional biopsy that is performed with wire localization procedure, is a valuable technique to detect the malignity, and to help the decision of second operation in nonpalpable breast lesions.

Purpose: To evaluate retrospectively the mid-term results of the patients with supracondylar humerus fractures surgically treated by open reduction and internal fixation via medial approach.
Patients and Methods: 33 patients with Gartland extension type III supracondylar humerus fractures after a fall who were surgically treated in our clinic by open reduction and internal fixation by 2 cross K-wires via medial approach were included in the study. The wires were removed between the third and fourth weeks postoperatively due to the radiological assesment of the bony union. By the comparison with the uneffected side, the last noted range of motion and carrying angle values were evaluated in terms of Flynn criteria.
Results: The mean follow up period was 27.6 months(range 14-58). The results of the evaluation of the range of motion and carrying angle values in terms of Flynn criteria consisted of %100 satisfactory results cosmetically (carrying angle), %67 satisfactory and %33 poor results functionally (motion restriction).
Conclusions: Open reduction and internal fixation via medial approach may be considered as a feasible technique with its less complication rates in the surgical treatment of the pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures which can not be managed with closed reduction.

Venous thromboembolism is decribed as a multifactorial disorder including both congenital and acquired risk factors and generally detected in elder patients. Although cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is associated with substantial mortality and morbidity, its causes in children have not been intensively investigated, mainly because it occurs at a low frequency (0.67 per 100000 children). But the reports of thrombotic events in children are increasing. Methylenetetrahydrofolatereductase (MTHFR) C677 T polymorphism has been detected as an important role in inherited thrombophilia in recent years. In this article we report a child with cerebral venous thrombosis and heterozygous methylenetetrahydrofolatereductase (MTHFR) C677 T polymorphism after otomastoiditis.

Prolactinomas are benign pituitary tumors that are frequently seen in females aged 20 to 50 years old. The female-to-male ratio is approximately 10: 1. In pediatric-adolescent age group, prolactinomas have a prevalence of 100/million population, and account for less than 2% of all intracranial tumors. The symptoms are abnormal uterine bleeding, pubertal arrest, hypogonadism and galactore. In this case report, a 14 year-old adolescent presenting with irreguler and frequent vaginal hemorrhage (menometrorrhagia) who was diagnosed to have prolactinoma is reported.

Balloon cell melanoma, a rare form of malignant melanoma, is characterized by nests and sheets of large cells that exhibit an abundant quantity of clear or finely vacuolated cytoplasms. Balloon cell degeneration could be formed by primary or metastatic malignant melanoma. A 52 year-old woman applied to surgery clinic with a non-healing wound in the dorsal skin of left middle finger. Six months after the resection of the lesion, the patient was referred to our clinic with recurrence in the same area. Excision and skin grafting were performed and the lesion was reported as balloon cell melanoma. Due to the rarity of this malignant melanoma type, clinical and histopathological diagnostic difficulties, the patient is worthy of presentation.

Hemolytic disease of the newborn is characterized by the transfer of antibodies to fetus which was produced against the antigens on the
erythrocytes. Due to widespread use of Rh immunoglobulin for prevention of Rh hemolytic disease, the importance of hemolytic disease due to antibodies other than anti-D has increased. The spectrum of the disease varies from mild hyperbilirubinemia to severe hys fetalis.
In this report, three neonates hospitalized for hyperbilirubinemia and anemia who were diagnosed to have subgroup incompatibility were presented. Case I was a term newborn with hyperbilirubinemia detected at postnatal 22nd hour without any abnormal physical finding except for generalized jaundice. The neonate whose Direct Coombs test was positive and had anemia, was treated with phototherapy and IVIG. Subgroup analysis revealed anti-C antibodies. Case II was a term neonate admitted due to hyperbilirubinemia at postnatal 5th day. After he was treated with phototherapy for 48 hours, bilirubin levels decreased to 12 mg/dl. After termination of phototherapy, rebound bilirubin levels increased to 18 mg/dl. Anti-kell antibodies were detected in subgroup analysis. Case III was admitted at postnatal 24th hour due to hyperbilirubinemia. A sibling who died in neonatal period with a history of exchange transfusion at postnatal 2nd day was recorded. Physical examination was normal except jaundice and a murmur with 2/6 intensity at mesocardiac area. IVIG was given to the neonate with Direct Coombs positivity. Subgroup analysis confirmed the presence of anti-kell antibodies. Exchange transfusion was performed with Kell negative blood. The importance of hemolytic disease of the newborn due to subgroup incompatibility has increased. Subgroup incompatibilities which were thought only to cause mild anemia is now considered to cause severe obstetric and neonatal complications. Newborns with hemolytic anemia should thoroughly be evaluated for subgroup incompatibility.

Alcohol intoxication during neonatal period and infancy is rare. Alcohol intoxication may present with hypoglycemia, acidosis, hypothermia,
electrolyte disturbances, hemorrhage, cardiac arrythmia, nausea, vomiting and hepatic dysfunction. Although alcohol intoxication seems to be encountered in adult patients, it may lead to life threatening events in neonatal period and infancy. For this reason immediate diagnosis and treatment is life saving. 14- day old girl baby was taken to hospital because of drinking pure alcohol and restlessness. Physical examination was normal. Blood alcohol level was 22 mg/dl. Especially for intoxication cases encountered during infancy period, judicial report should always be
documented in emergency room and child abuse should be considered. In order to prevent this type of poisoning in childhood, alcohol containing liquids should be labeled on the bottle for special precaution measures.