OBJECTIVE: It was intended to determine the association and value of the pathological findings of ungual tissue in alopecia areata.
STUDYDESIGN: 100 patients with alopecia areata were questioned regarding the age of onset ol the disease. The existence and type of onychodystrophia in finger nails were evaluated by means of inspection. The control group consisted of 50 dermatologically ill patients other than alopecia areata. The results of both groups were evaluated statistically.
RESULTS: it was obtained that the overall incidence of onychodystrophy in alopecia areata patients was not significantly higher than that of control group (p>0,05). When nail changes were evaluated separately, it was found that trachyonychia was the only finding significantly associated with alopecia areata (p<0,05) and was more common in severe and chronic ol the disease.
CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of was less than other nail changes in alopecia areata patients, but it was specific for the disease.

OBJECTIVE: Hypoeostrogenemia effects bone resorption by increasing the bone lose gradient. In this study we aimed to show the relation of between duration of menapausal period and the rate bone loss in patients who haven’t been given hormone replacement theraphy (HRT).
STUDY DESIGN: We included in our study 71 cases who haven't HRT. We separated the cases to the age of menopause into three groups as 2 years or less, 2-5 years, and 5 years or more. We measured levels of bone degradation products namely Pyridinoline and Deoxypyridioline in the urine of the patients. The results are compared with each other.
RESULTS: We found that bone resorption rate increased in parallel with the duration menopause. We observed that as the duration of menopause increases, the rate of bone loss becomes more significant. This is particularly true.for those at the menopause for >5 years. Deoxypyridinolinelevels were significantly higher patients who were at menopause >5 years (p<0.01)
CONCLUSION: Bone loss in menopausal period increases progressively with respect to time

OBJECTIVE: We aimed review the cases who have received gynecologic laparoscopy anesthesia in last three years.
MATERIAL and METHOD: 130 patients in ASA I-II status who h.ave taken for gynecologic laparoscopy, were examined according to their ages, the presence of preoperative systemic disesae,the indications laparoscopy, the presence of premedication, the duraton of anesthesia and operation, the type of anesthesia, and operation, the chosen drugs and perioperative h.emodynamic changes.
RESULTS: Tachycardia and hypertension was detected in 24% bradicardia in 10% and hypotension in 6% of the cases. Bradycardia was less in patients with premedication (18.18%)
CONCLUSION: We concluded that the type of anesthesia doesn’t change the hemodynamic parameters in the perioperative period. On the other hand, the premedication prevents bradycardia.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the clinical manifestations of melasma and possible etio1ogic factors in this disease.
STUDY DESIGN: in six months, 18 cases with malasma were investigated with respect age, sex, skin type, parity, associated diseases and exposure to sun. Wood light was one year and used to determine localization who have had pregnancies in the last one year and women already pregnant were excluded.
RESULTS: Of the 18 cases, 94,44 % were female, 5,55 % were ma/e. Average disease duration was 10,6 and mean age of the patients was 31,8 years. With regards to skin, the distribution of melasma cases were that, 50 % type 4,27,78 % type 5.22.22 % typc 3. The distribution of the clinical types were as 66,67 % centrofacial. 27,78 % mandihular, and 5,55 % were malar. Regarding the localization, 44,44 % were epidermal, 55,56 % were mixed. Possible etiologic.factors were to sun excessively (% 58,82), cosmetic ( 17,65 %) oral contraceptives (17,65 %) and pregnancy (5,88 %).
CONCLUSION: We concluded that melasma was seen mostly in women in their early thirties. The most common skin types were types 4,5 and 3. Clinical types were mostly, centrafacial and mandibular. Regarding the localization, mixed type was the commonest. Possible etiologic factors were being exposed to sun excessively, oral cotraceptives, cosmetic materials and pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: in this report we aimed to determine the effect of filiation on the increase of syphilis.
STUDY DESING: 22 syphilis cases who applied to the Dermatology Clinic of Ş.E.H in 7 months duration were cross-examined from the view point of filiation.
RESULTS: The infetion origin of the 22 cases are 41 percent (9 cases) Turkish 32 (7) cases Roman and 27 percent (6) cases Russian prnstitutes.
CONCLUSIONS: Roman and Russian prosteties were seen as source of the increase in syphilis in the recent
times.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, blood value changes were investigatedin patients to whom spleen preserving produres were applied due to splenic trauma.
STUDY DESIGN: Spleen preserving procedure were applied to 19 patients who had splenicinjury. Blood values were evaluated the first, seventh, thirtieth postoperative days.
RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 15.2 years and female/male ratio was 4/15.Splenic injury had occured due to blunt trauma (79%), stab wound in two patients (10.5%) in two patients (10.5%). Splenoraphy was carried out in 14 patients (73.8%) and partial was applied 3 patients (15.7%). Two (10.5%) were treated with nonoperative methods.
In all cases, postoperative blood values did not change significantly. Total morbidity was 16.5% and mortality was 0%.
CONCLUSION: As a conclusion, after spleen preserving procedures the the protective role of the spleen do not deteriorate. Therefore, if possible, spleen preserving procedures should be preferred in the treatment of injuries.

in this article we discussed a case of juvenile latyngeal papillomatosis who had.heen operated at our clinic and presented with recurrence after 10 years. The importance of direct laryngoscopy on diagnosis and a conservative approach for surgical treatment have heen emphasised.

Nephropathia epidemica is a zoonosis caused by Puumala virus which is endemic in Scandinavia and Russia. The clinical course of nephropathia is mild contrast to the other zoonosis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) caused by Hantaan-virus.
This report describes the cytologic findings nephropathia
epidemica in a 59 year-old woman. The main finding was tubular cells in catheter urine and the main differantial
diagnosis is adenocarcinoma.